Brake-drum construction



May 5; 1925. E, W. GOESER BRAKE DRUM CONSTRUCTION Filed Septfi. 1923 2 Sheets-Shgei l 265m 2115 5 v I Y A TTORNE Y.

May 5, 1925.

E. W. GOESER BRAKE DRUM CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 5. 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 llll ll IINVENTO'RZV ,Edmk Z0. $0esen & ATTORNEY Patented ay 55, W25.

EDWIN W. GOESER, 0]? LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO UNION TOOL COM- PANY, OF TORRANCE, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA.

BRAKE-DRUM: CONSTRUCTION.

Application filed September 5, 1923.

To all whom it many concern:

Be it known that T, EDWIN /V. Gonsnn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented a new and useful Brake-Drum Construction, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the construction of drums for rotary draw works such as used in the drilling or operation of oil wells. These drums are often required to operate at very high speeds and are frequently ar rested by the application of brakes; the great friction developed generates a considerable amount of heat and the drums often become very hot indeed. In their general construction these drums usually embody two heads to which the brake bands are applied and the cable is coiled on a spool connecting the drums. The tension on this cable is often very great and subjects the drum shaft to a considerable bending moment due to the tension in the cable; furthermore. the coils of. the cable on the spool exert a considerable compressing force tending to crush the spool.

The general object of this invention is to produce a drum construction which will overcome these difliculties and which is soconstructed that the compression forces exerted upon the shell of the spool will be imparted to the shaft so that the shaft opcrates to strengthen the spool; also to provide a construction in which the spool opcrates as a reinforcement to strengthen the shaft, enabling the same to resist more effectively the transverse pull upon the shaft exerted by the cable. A further object of the invention is to construct the drum so as to facilitate the radiation of heat from it and prevent the same from becoming over heated from the application of the brakes.

With the drums constructed in the usual way that is, with a spool having attached heads; the coils of the cable at the ends of the drum exert an enormous thrust on the drum heads, tending to break them off from the spool. One of the objects of this invention is to provide a construction for the spool that will overcome this difficulty.

Further objects of the invention will appear hereinafter.

The invention consists in the novel parts and combination of parts to be described Serial No. 661,018.

hereinafter, all of which contribute to produce an eiiicient brake drum construction.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is described in the following specification while the broad scope of the invention is pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation showing a drum embodying my invention, partially in longitudinal section, other contiguous parts of the frame and mechanism also being broken away, and shown in section.

Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the drum.

Fig. 3 is an ideal cross section through the drum head which is illustrated in Figure 2, but showing it with some drilled rivet holes.

Fig. 4: is a side elevation of the drum. spool removed from the shaft and heads, and broken away so that it is shown partially in section.

Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the drum spool shown in Figure l.

Fig. 6 is a vertical section taken on the line 66 of Figure 2 and illustrating the construction of the cable socket at which the cable may be anchored in the head.

The drum comprises a pair of heads 1 which have disc bodies 2, and brake flanges 3 at their outer edges projecting outwardly from the disc body. The inner portions of the heads are formed into hubs-4= which are integral with the disc bodies 2 and project in the same direction from. the disc body as the brake flanges 3; that is to say, these parts project away from the spool 5 which connects the two drum heads, and for this reason the flanges and hubs are exposed to the atmosphere in such a way as to facilitate the radiation of heat to the atmosphere. The spool 5 consists of a cylindrical shell 6 of metal which is of considerably larger diameter than the drum shaft 7 so that an annular space is formed between the drum and the shell.

The ends of the spool are formed with flanges 8 which are countersunk and riveted into the disc bodies 2 of the heads.

The hubs 4; are provided with means such as key ways 9 and keys 10 for securing the same to the shaft.

The spool 5, however, is not secured to the shaft by means of any fastener such as a key, but it is provided with means for entil gaging the side of the shaft to impart compression forces from the shell 6 to the shaft. This means is preferably in the form of a plurality of longitudinally disposed ribs 11 constructed so as to engage the shaft at a plurality of points along their length. between the heads 1. I prefer to provide a plurality of bearing rings 12 which may be disposed equidistant, see Figure 1, and these rings may be cast integral with the ribs 11. These rings may be considered as made up of ring-sections connecting the ribs. Each ring has an opening 13 which is of substantially the same diameter as the bore 1-l in the hubs 1 and these openings are finished so that when the shaft is in place these rings 12 bear on the shaft at intermediate points. On account of this construction it will be evident that all radial inward compression forces exerted by the constricting effect of the cable will be imparted through the ribs 11 to the rings 12, and transmitted by them to the side of the shaft. Therefore these rings and the ribs 11 operate as braces for the shell 6 of the spool. At the same time it will be evident that the tensile forces exerted in the cable which tend to produce a bending moment will be resisted by the ribs 11 in cooperation with the shaft 7. In other words the spool may be considered to operate as it were, as a tubular girder surrounding the shaft, thereby stiffening the shaft and preventing any lateral movement or springing of the shaft which might tend to occur between the bearings. For this reason, the invention is particularly adapted for use on relatively long drums, or where there is a great distance between the shaft bearings.

In order to provide an anchorage for the cable which is wrapped upon the drum I provide the outer side of each head with a cable boss 15, see Figures 2 and 6, which is disposed on an inclined axis so as to receive the cable end 16 which passes through the opening 17 in the boss from the inside. The extremity of the cable end 16 may be provided with an anchoring knot 18.

The adjacent flange 8 of the spool should have an inclined or skew opening 19 to aline with the opening 17 to facilitate the attachment of the cable as illustrated in Figure 6.

In order to assist in cooling the. drum by radiation of heat to the atn'iosphere from it, I provide the outer sides of the drum heads 1 with radiator webs 20 which are simply narrow ribs or spokes which radiate from the hubs 4-. These webs are cast integral with the heads and at their outer ends extend out to the outer edges of the flanges 3.

At intervals between the webs or spokes 20 I provide small radiator ribs 21 which are disposed in the angle between the flange 3 of the drum and the disc body. These ribs are narrow and they coo )erate with the webs 20 to provide a relatively large superficial radiating surface. In addition to this the webs 2O tend to produce an air circulation, or a movement in the air in the vicinity of the heads and past the inner faces of the flanges 3 which also tends to augment the cooling effect of the ribs and webs.

The drum shaft 7 is supported in suitable bearings 22 carried on standards or posts 2 resting on the floor 24 of the derrick.

The drum embodying this invention operates as an effective brace for the shaft in the relatively great distance between the bearings 22 and thereby tends to prevent lateral bending of the shaft under the tension of the cable, as pointed out above. Furthermore the construction of the spool of the drum is such that the compression forces upon it are also resisted by the shaft itself. It should be understood, however. that these compression forces are exerted throughout the entire circumference of the spool so that they are balanced and therefore the assistance of the shaft in resisting these forces does not in any way increase the bending moments on the shaft. The ribs 21 at their outer ends, and the webs 22 are inclined so that they operate as fan blades to induce a movement of air, and the heads are provided with ventilating openings 2 through which the air current passes to cool the drum, and particularly the drum flanges 3.

In coiling a cable onto a drum of this kind, as the last coils are Wrapped into place they often develop a wedge effect tending to shove the outermost end coils against the drum heads. These end thrust forces against the drum heads may be very great and tend to break off the drum heads. According to my invention I construct the flanges 8 at the ends of the spool, of sufficient diameter to house all the coils on the drum so that these strains are taken up by the solid flanges of the spool. This prevents the cable from exerting any stress tending to force the heads off of the spool, and avoids the necessity for employing tie-rods between the heads.

I claim:

1. In a drum construction for a rotaiy draw works, the combination of a shaft, a drui'n. having a metal. spool of larger diameter than the shaft so as to form an annular space between the shaft and the spool said spool having a plurality of integral longitudinally disposed ribs on its inner side engaging the side of the shaft, and operating to impart compression forces of the cable to the shaft.

2. In a drum construction for a rotary draw works, the combination of a shaft, a drum having a pair of heads keyed on the shaft and having a metal spool connected tit) with the heads, the inner side of said spool having integral braces engaging the side of the shaft between the heads, operating to impart compression forces to the shaft and also operating to brace the shaft against bending moments exerted by the pull of the cable between the heads.

In a drum construction for a rotary draw works, the combination of a shaft, a drum having a pair of heads keyed on the shaft and having a spool connected with the heads, one of said heads having an opening therethrough for securing the end of a cable wrapped on the spool, the inner side of said spool, having rings with openings fitting over and bearing against the side of the shaft, and longitudinal ribs connecting the rings together and connecting the rings with the spool.

4. A drum for a rotary draw works comprising a pair of heads having means for keying the same to a shaft and a spool secured to the said heads, said spool having a shell with a plurality of rings disposed at intervals within the shell and having integral ribs extending longitudinally with the spool and connecting the said rings to the s ell.

5. A drum for a rotary draw works comprising a spool having a cylindrical shell, heads having disc bodies secured to the ends of said spool, and having hubs with bores to receivea shaft, said heads having flanges at their outer sides, the flanges and said hubs projecting away from the disc body 0-11 the side remote from the spool having longitudinally disposed ribs on the inner side thereof for engaging the side of the shaft, and the outer sides of said heads having webs con necting the hubs with the flanges and having radiating ribs between the webs.

6. In a drum construction for a rotary draw works, the combination of a shaft, a drum comprising a spool with flanges at the ends thereof, a head with fastening means for securing the same to the drum and carrying a brake flange, the said flanges of said spool being of suflieient diameter to extend beyond the coils of cables wrapped on the drum operating to resist the pressure of the cable coils and relieve the said head of said pressure.

Signed at Torrance, Calif, this 30th day of July, 1923.

EDWIN W. GOESER. 

